What cutting oils for copper? Copper metal cutting oil selection guide
What cutting oils for copper? In metal processing, choosing the right cutting oil is one of the key factors to improve machining efficiency, extend tool life and ensure machining quality.
The selection of cutting oil not only depends on the type and nature of copper material, but also affected by the machining process, type of machine tool, workpiece shape and environmental conditions and other factors. In this paper, we will elaborate on how to determine what cutting oils for copper from various aspects.
1.Cutting oil type and performance analysis
Cutting oil is an indispensable lubricant in the metal processing process, according to the different viscosities, mainly divided into low-viscosity cutting oil and high-viscosity cutting oil. The following are their specific types and performance analysis: performance analysis structure indicates that the cutting oil
(1) low viscosity cutting oil
(1) mineral oil cutting oil:
Low viscosity mineral oil as the basis, mixed with other additives made. Suitable for light load cutting processing, with good lubricity and rust resistance.
2) Composite oil:
Add animal and vegetable oils (5%-10%) to mineral oil, suitable for light load cutting of general metals.
3) Extreme pressure cutting oil:
Extreme pressure additives such as sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine are added to meet the requirements of deep metal processing, such as ferrous metals and gear processing.
(2) high viscosity cutting oil
(1) Active cutting oil:
Containing a high proportion of animal and vegetable oils and extreme pressure additives, it is suitable for heavy-duty cutting processing and has excellent lubrication and cooling performance.
2) Heavy duty cutting oil:
High viscosity formulations to provide a stronger lubricating film, suitable for difficult-to-machine materials and heavy cutting conditions, extending tool life.
2.Understanding the types and properties of copper metal is the basis for what cutting oils for copper.
There are many types of copper metal, including pure copper, brass, bronze and copper, etc. Their mechanical properties and chemical composition are different, and the requirements for cutting oils are also different.
(1) pure copper:
Has good electrical and thermal conductivity, but the hardness is low, easy to stick the knife. Therefore, in the processing of pure copper, usually need to choose a good lubricating properties of the cutting oil, in order to reduce tool wear and sticky knife phenomenon.
(2) Brass:
Composed of copper and zinc, the hardness is higher than pure copper, and the machining performance is better. For brass machining, you can choose cutting oil with relatively balanced lubrication and cooling properties.
(3) Bronze:
In addition to copper, it also contains tin, aluminum, silicon and other elements, higher hardness, good wear resistance. When machining bronze, it may be necessary to choose a cutting oil with high cooling performance to reduce the cutting temperature and reduce tool wear.
(4) White bronze:
Composed mainly of copper and nickel, it has good corrosion resistance and strength. White copper is more difficult to process, may need to choose cutting oil with high lubricity and high cooling properties.
3.According to the processing technology to choose what cutting oils for copper
Different machining processes have different requirements for cutting oils, and common copper metal machining processes include turning, milling, drilling, tapping, and so on.
(1) Turning:
Turning process, cutting force and cutting heat is larger, so you need to choose a cutting oil with good cooling and lubrication to reduce tool wear and improve machining accuracy.
(2) Milling:
When milling, the contact area between the tool and the workpiece is larger, and the cutting force and cutting heat are also higher. For milling, you can choose cutting oil with high cooling performance and lubrication performance to ensure machining quality and tool life.
(3) Drilling:
In the process of drilling, the tool is subject to a large cutting force, and chip removal is difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to choose cutting oil with good lubrication and chip removal performance to reduce tool wear and improve chip removal efficiency.
(4) Tapping:
When tapping, the contact time between the tool and the workpiece is long, which is easy to generate heat and wear. For tapping processing, cutting oil with high lubricity and high cooling should be selected to reduce tool wear and improve thread quality.
4.Considering the type of machine tool and the shape of the workpiece to choose what cutting oils for copper
The type of machine tool and the shape of the workpiece is also the basis for the selection of cutting oil for copper.
(1) The type of machine tool:
Different types of machine tools have different requirements for cutting oil. For example, high-speed machine tools need to choose a higher cooling performance of the cutting oil to reduce the impact of cutting heat on the machine tool and cutting tool; and low-speed machine tools can choose a better lubrication of the cutting oil to reduce tool wear.
(2) Workpiece shape:
Complex shape of the workpiece in the processing process is prone to cutting heat and tool wear. For this type of workpiece, it is necessary to choose a cutting oil with good cooling and lubrication to ensure machining quality and tool life.
5.Environmental conditions and cutting oil selection
Environmental conditions are also one of the factors to consider when choosing what cutting oils for copper.
(1) temperature and humidity:
In high temperature and high humidity environment, cutting oil is easy to oxidize and deteriorate, affecting its use. Therefore, in this environment need to choose a better antioxidant and anti-emulsification cutting oil.
(2) Air quality:
Dust and impurities in the air may contaminate the cutting oil and affect its lubrication and cooling performance. Therefore, in the environment of poor air quality, it is necessary to choose cutting oil with better filtration performance.
6.What cutting oils are used for copper in practical applications? Comprehensive selection recommendations
In practical applications, you can choose the right cutting oil according to the following steps:
(1) Define the processing requirements:
First of all, specify the type of copper metal, processing technology, machine tool type and workpiece shape and other processing requirements.
(2) Understand the performance of cutting oil:
According to the processing requirements, understand the performance characteristics of different types of cutting oil, choose the type of cutting oil to meet the requirements.
(3) Consider environmental conditions:
According to the environmental conditions of processing, such as temperature, humidity and air quality, etc., select the corresponding performance of the cutting oil.
(4) Conduct test verification:
Before the actual processing, you can carry out small-scale test verification to assess the performance of the cutting oil and the use of the effect.
(5) Regular evaluation and adjustment:
In the process of machining, regularly assess the use of cutting oil effect, and adjust and optimize according to the actual situation.
7.Conclusion
In summary, choosing the right cutting oil is a crucial part of copper metal processing. By understanding the type and nature of copper metal, selecting cutting oils according to the machining process, considering the type of machine tool and workpiece shape, paying attention to the environmental conditions, and analyzing the type and performance of cutting oils, it is possible to more accurately determine what cutting oils for copper on what occasions, so as to improve the machining efficiency, prolong the life of cutting tools, and ensure the quality of machining.