Production of Technical Parts: The Best Guide, Must Read
The production of technical parts is crucial in the engineering and manufacturing fields. A deep understanding of the complexity of mechanical parts production is essential to ensure high-quality products and efficient processes. This article will explore in depth all aspects of mechanical parts production, including production overview, process preparation procedures, and the equipment involved.
1.Production of Technical Parts: Overview
(1) Pre-production Preparation
Carry out process preparation, confirm that the design drawings and process documents are complete, determine the processing procedures, process parameters, equipment, prepare and inspect raw materials and process auxiliary materials, and formulate a detailed process plan and schedule, including determining the processing sequence and time schedule, and assigning production tasks. This link is crucial for the smooth progress of subsequent mechanical parts production.
(2) Parts Processing
Carry out cutting processing according to the design drawings, such as drilling, milling, turning, etc., determine the size and shape layer by layer, and finally inspect and grind to ensure that the size and surface quality meet the requirements.
(3) Parts Assembly
Determine the assembly sequence and method according to the design drawings and process documents, and debug and test the functional performance after assembly.
(4) Factory inspection
Factory inspection is the last checkpoint to ensure the quality of mechanical parts production. Before the product leaves the factory, a comprehensive inspection of key dimensions, assembly clearances, surface quality, etc., functional performance and reliability tests must be carried out, and product packaging, quality records and document sorting must be completed.
2.Production preparation process of mechanical parts
(1) Document confirmation
Document confirmation is a basic link in the
production of technical partsproduction of mechanical parts to ensure the accuracy and standardization of production.
Before production begins, confirm whether the design drawings and related process documents are complete. Explain the drawings in detail, clarify key information such as part shape, size, material, etc., and understand the processing requirements and technical standards in the process documents.
(2) Determine processing details
According to the design drawings and process documents, determine the processing procedures, process parameters and equipment. Determine the complexity of the part structure, select the appropriate processing technology, such as turning, milling or grinding, and determine the process parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, cutting depth, etc. to ensure processing accuracy and efficiency.
(3) Material preparation and inspection
Prepare raw materials and process auxiliary materials, and conduct incoming material inspection. Strictly control the quality of raw materials, check whether the chemical composition and physical properties meet the requirements, and ensure that the specifications and performance of process auxiliary materials meet production needs.
(4) Pretreatment work
Prepare for subsequent processing steps such as deburring, deburring, cleaning, cleaning, and measuring of parts. The quality of pretreatment work directly affects the efficiency and quality of subsequent processing.
3.Common manufacturing processes in the Production of Technical Parts
There are many production and processing processes and methods for mechanical parts. Common processing processes are as follows:
(1) Other processing methods
In addition, there are processing methods such as boring, honing, and polishing to meet the special processing needs of different parts. These processing methods enrich the processing methods of mechanical parts production.
(2) Turning
Turning is usually used to process parts with rotating surfaces such as cylinders and cones, such as shaft parts and disk parts. Using a turning tool to cut on a rotating workpiece can achieve high-precision processing of surfaces such as outer circles, inner circles, and threads. Turning is one of the commonly used processing methods in the production of technical parts.
(3) Milling
Milling is suitable for processing planes, grooves, gears and other parts. The milling machine uses a rotating milling cutter to cut the workpiece and can realize the processing of complex shapes. For example, in the production of mechanical molds, the milling process can process cavities, punches, etc. of various shapes.
(4) Drilling
Drilling is mainly used to drill holes in workpieces. Its accuracy and surface quality requirements are relatively high. It is often used to prepare for subsequent processing steps.
(5) Grinding
Grinding is used to improve the surface quality and accuracy of parts, such as further polishing parts that have been turned or milled to achieve higher surface roughness requirements.
4.Quality inspection of mechanical parts during production
(1) Preparation before testing
Before testing, sufficient preparations should be made, including preparing relevant test equipment and tools, such as measuring instruments, test equipment, test fixtures, etc. At the same time, the purpose and standards of the test should be clarified in order to make accurate test judgments.
(2) Appearance inspection
During appearance inspection, inspectors need to check the product’s dimensions, surface finish, wear, deformation, color difference and other appearance factors according to the product design drawings to determine whether the product meets the requirements. For example, when inspecting the surface of mechanical parts, it is necessary to check whether there are defects such as scratches, depressions, protrusions, and whether the surface roughness meets the specified standards.
(3) Dimension inspection
Dimension inspection is one of the important links in the inspection of mechanical parts. Use measuring tools such as calipers, vernier calipers, and micrometers to measure the length, diameter, depth, angle, flatness and other parameters of the parts to assess whether their dimensions meet the design requirements. Dimension inspection is a key link in ensuring the production accuracy of mechanical parts.
(4) Material inspection
Material inspection is also an important part of quality inspection. Through various testing methods such as chemical analysis, tensile, compression and hardness testing, the performance of the material is tested to ensure that it meets the product requirements. For example, for materials used to manufacture high-strength components, a tensile test is required to determine whether its strength meets the standard.
(5) Mechanical property testing
Mechanical property testing is an important means to ensure the performance of mechanical parts production products.
Mechanical property testing is used to evaluate the product’s bearing capacity, stability, toughness and other properties. Through tensile testing, pressure testing, bending testing and other methods, ensure that the product quality meets the requirements.
5.What factors should be considered when selecting production equipment for mechanical parts?
(1) Processing requirements
First, it is necessary to clarify the processing requirements and determine the type, size, accuracy level and other requirements of the processed parts based on the product specifications and production plan. For example, for small parts with high processing accuracy requirements, it is more appropriate to choose a CNC machining center; for rough processing of large parts, it is more appropriate to choose a gantry milling machine.
(2) Equipment function
Understand the functions of different types of machining equipment, including processing range, accuracy capability, processing efficiency, etc. For example, lathes are mainly used to process rotating parts, milling machines are suitable for processing flat and curved surfaces, and grinders are used to improve the surface accuracy of parts. Equipment function is one of the key factors in selecting equipment for the production of technical parts.
(3) Equipment selection
When selecting equipment, appropriate processing equipment should be selected based on processing requirements and equipment functions to ensure processing quality and efficiency. At the same time, factors such as equipment performance, accuracy requirements, reliability, and stability should also be considered. For example, for production lines that need to run continuously for a long time, the reliability and stability of the equipment are particularly important.
(4) Price and cost-effectiveness
On the premise of meeting the processing requirements, choose equipment with reasonable price, stable performance and easy maintenance. At the same time, the long-term benefits of the equipment such as the service life of the equipment, the replacement cycle of wearing parts, and the maintenance cost should also be considered. Price and cost-effectiveness are important considerations for selecting equipment in the production of technical parts.
6.Processing characteristics of different types of mechanical parts
(1) Shaft parts
Shaft parts usually have rotating surfaces. During the processing, the precision indicators such as cylindricity, coaxiality, and surface roughness must be guaranteed. During turning, the tool and cutting amount should be reasonably selected to improve the processing efficiency and quality. Shaft parts are a common type of parts in the production of technical parts.
(2) Box parts
Box parts have complex structures and usually require multi-faceted processing and hole system processing. During the processing, the parallelism, verticality and position accuracy of each surface must be guaranteed.
(3) Mold parts
Mold parts often have special shapes and require special processing methods such as electric spark and wire cutting to meet their complex shape and high precision requirements.
(4) Thin-walled parts
Thin-walled parts are prone to deformation during processing and require special clamping methods and cutting processes to reduce deformation. The processing of thin-walled parts is one of the challenges in the production of technical parts.
(5) High-precision parts
Processing High-precision parts processing is a high-end field in the production of technical parts. High-precision parts need to be processed in a constant temperature environment to reduce the impact of temperature changes on part accuracy. At the same time, high-precision measuring equipment is used for testing to ensure that the dimensional accuracy and shape and position accuracy of the parts meet the requirements.
7.Summary
The production of technical parts is a key link in the field of engineering manufacturing, involving many aspects from pre-production preparation to processing procedures, quality inspection, equipment selection, etc. Understanding and mastering these links is crucial to ensuring the production of technical parts.